Hi3515是华为海思半导体的一款多媒体处理芯片,这款芯片广泛的被应用于安防监控行业。它采用arm9架构的V5指令集,为了方便的以后的工作,加深对该芯片的了解,我对hi3515上电后执行的一段汇编代码做了大致分析,分析以注释的形式书写在start.s的文件中。
/*
board\hi3515v100\u-boot.lds 是UBOOT的链接脚本
其中 ENTRY(_start) 指定了程序的入口地址。
_start是cpu加电后执行的第一条指令。
Hi3515在加电后0x0到0x0400000映射为启动器件的地址
可以为NOR-FLASH或NAND-FLASH
*/
.globl _start
_start:
@跳转到reset执行
b reset
ldr pc, _undefined_instruction
ldr pc, _software_interrupt
ldr pc, _prefetch_abort
ldr pc, _data_abort
ldr pc, _not_used
ldr pc, _irq
ldr pc, _fiq
_undefined_instruction:
.word undefined_instruction
_software_interrupt:
.word software_interrupt
_prefetch_abort:
.word prefetch_abort
_data_abort:
.word data_abort
_not_used:
.word not_used
_irq:
.word irq
_fiq:
.word fiq
.balignl 16,0xdeadbeef
/*
*
*
* Startup Code (reset vector)
*
* do important init only if we don't start from memory!
* setup Memory and board specific bits prior to relocation.
* relocate armboot to ram
* setup stack
*
*
*/
_TEXT_BASE:
.word TEXT_BASE
.globl _armboot_start
_armboot_start:
.word _start
.globl _img_end
_img_end:
.word __img_end
/*
* These are defined in the board-specific linker script.
*/
.globl _bss_start
_bss_start:
.word __bss_start
.globl _bss_end
_bss_end:
.word _end
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
/* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */
.globl IRQ_STACK_START
IRQ_STACK_START:
.word 0x0badc0de
/* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */
.globl FIQ_STACK_START
FIQ_STACK_START:
.word 0x0badc0de
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HISILICON
_clr_remap_rom_entry:
.word ROM_TEXT_ADRS + do_clr_remap - TEXT_BASE
_clr_remap_nand_entry:
.word NAND_TEXT_ADRS + do_clr_remap - TEXT_BASE
#endif
/*
* the actual reset code
*/
reset:
/*
* set the cpu to SVC32 mode
*/
@设置ARM的工作模式为特权模式
mrs r0,cpsr
bic r0,r0,#0x1f
orr r0,r0,#0xd3
msr cpsr,r0
/*
* we do sys-critical inits only at reboot,
* not when booting from ram!
*/
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
/*
* flush v4 I/D caches
*/
@关闭P15协处理器,即关闭MMU和CACAHE
mov r0, #0
mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c7, 0 /* flush v3/v4 cache */
mcr p15, 0, r0, c8, c7, 0 /* flush v4 TLB */
/*
* disable MMU stuff and caches
*/
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
bic r0, r0, #0x00002300 /* clear bits 13, 9:8 (--V- --RS) */
bic r0, r0, #0x00000087 /* clear bits 7, 2:0 (B--- -CAM) */
orr r0, r0, #0x00000002 /* set bit 2 (A) Align */
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
@获取3515的启动模式,判断是从NOR或者NAND启动,保存到R4中
ldr r0, =REG_BASE_SCTL
ldr r1, [r0, #0x8c]
and r1, r1, #0x60
lsr r4, r1, #5
@Check if I need jump to rom
@movs r0, pc, lsr#24 /* Z flag if r0 == 0 then 1 else 0 */
@bne do_clr_remap
/*判断高8位是否为0,首次加电的时候,肯定是0,
如果已经在RAM中运行了,则不是零。*/
mov r0, pc, lsr#24
cmp r0, #0x0
bne do_clr_remap
@如果从r4中判断是从NOR启动,则PC指向以NOR-flash为基地址(0X80000000),以do_clr_remap函数为偏移量的地址。
@即PC指向了NOR-flash中的do_clr_remap函数
@如果从r4中判断是从NAND启动,则PC指向以NAND-flash为基地址(0X70000000),以do_clr_remap函数为偏移量的地址。
@即PC指向了NAND-flash中的do_clr_remap函数
cmp r4, #2 /* boot from nand flash*/
ldreq pc, _clr_remap_nand_entry
cmp r4, #0 /* boot from nor flash */
ldreq pc, _clr_remap_rom_entry
do_clr_remap:
ldr r4, =REG_BASE_SCTL
@ldr r0, =REG_VALUE_SC_NOLOCK
@str r0, [r4, #REG_VALUE_SC_LOCKED]
ldr r0, [r4, #REG_SC_CTRL]
@清除重映射
@Set clear remap bit.
orr r0, #(1<<8)
str r0, [r4, #REG_SC_CTRL]
@重映射后零地址不再指向NAND或NOR而是指向了ITCM(指令紧耦合存储器),3515的ITCM的大小是2KB,地址从0x0到0x00000800
@设置ITCM的大小和启用CACHE
@Setup ITCM (ENABLED, 2KB)
ldr r0, =( 1 | (MEM_CONF_ITCM_SIZE<<2) | MEM_BASE_ITCM)
mcr p15, 0, r0, c9, c1, 1
@enable I-Cache now
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
orr r0, r0, #0x00001000 /* set bit 12 (I) I-Cache */
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
@设置栈指针,指向ITCM区域后紧邻的地址即 0x00000800
@Setup lowlevel sp
ldr sp, =(MEM_BASE_ITCM + MEM_SIZE_ITCM)
@通过检测高四位地址,以判断当前指令实在是RAM还是FLASH中运行,
@如果是在NOR中就是0X8 如果是在nand中就是0x7
@如果是在RAM中就是0XC
@首次加电的话就是0x8或0x7,即在FLASH中运行
@Check if I'm running in static mem bank
mov r0, pc, lsr#28
cmp r0, #(TEXT_BASE>>28)
/*
* Go setup Memory and board specific bits prior to relocation.
*/
@如果判断出已经在内存中,即跳转到relocate,越过执行lowlevel_init,
@首次加电,肯定不会执行跳转
beq relocate
@初始化cpu、切换3515的系统运行模式到NORMAL、启用PLL锁相环、启用DDR控制器,也就是说这以后RAM才真正可用了
@具体代码参考cpu\arm926ejs\hi3515v100\lowlevel_init.c中的void lowlevel_init(void)函数
bl lowlevel_init /* go setup pll,mux,memory */
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT
@下面就开始把UBOOT从FLASH搬运到RAM的准备工作了
relocate: /* relocate U-Boot to RAM */
@从3515的SC_PERCTRL23寄存器读取芯片选定的启动模式
ldr r0, =REG_BASE_SCTL
ldr r6, [r0, #0x8c]
and r6, #0x60
lsr r4, r6, #5
@R4=0 从NOR启动 R4=2从NAND启动
@下面这一段代码,有点不是很确定。
@果从FLASH启动那么 _start为0 _TEXT_BASE为0xc0500000
@其中 _TEXT_BASE的指定在board\hi3515v100\config.mk文件中
adr r0, _start /* r0 <- current position of code */
ldr r1, _TEXT_BASE /* test if we run from flash or RAM */
cmp r0, r1 /* don't reloc during debug */
beq stack_setup
@ _armboot_start等价于 _start
ldr r2, _armboot_start
ldr r3, _img_end
sub r2, r3, r2 /* r2 <- size of armboot */
cmp r4, #2
ldreq r2, =(CFG_NAND_U_BOOT_ONE_PART)
add r2, r0, r2 /* r2 <- source end address */
@把UBOOT搬运到RAM中去,循环操作,如果是从NOR中搬运,第一次循环时R0=0X80000000 R1=_TEXT_BASE为0xc0500000
copy_loop:
ldmia r0!, {r3-r10} /* copy from source address [r0] */
stmia r1!, {r3-r10} /* copy to target address [r1] */
cmp r0, r2 /* until source end addreee [r2] */
ble copy_loop
#endif /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */
/* Set up the stack */
@设置0XC0500000-CFG_MALLOC_LEN-CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZ-3的内存为栈地址
stack_setup:
ldr r0, _TEXT_BASE /* upper 128 KiB: relocated uboot */
sub r0, r0, #CFG_MALLOC_LEN /* malloc area */
sub r0, r0, #CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE /* bdinfo */
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
sub r0, r0, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE_IRQ+CONFIG_STACKSIZE_FIQ)
#endif
sub sp, r0, #12 /* leave 3 words for abort-stack */
clear_bss:
ldr r0, _bss_start /* find start of bss segment */
ldr r1, _bss_end /* stop here */
mov r2, #0x00000000 /* clear */
@对BSS段的内存数据清零
clbss_l:str r2, [r0] /* clear loop... */
add r0, r0, #4
cmp r0, r1
ble clbss_l
@调用start_armboot函数,进入C代码阶段,以后PC就指向RAM的地址了,代码在RAM中运行
ldr pc, _start_armboot
_start_armboot:
.word start_armboot