Linux设备驱动申请设备号过程分析
时间：2017-11-22 来源：未知
今天我们通过内核中的源码共同分析一下Linux设备驱动中申请设备号的过程，首先在Linux内核为我们提供了两种申请设备号的方式，一是指定设备号注册，二是动态分配设备号；分别用到一下两个函数：
register_chrdev_region();
alloc_chrdev_region();
设备号的数据类型是dev_t类型，是一个无符号长整型，在32位操作系统中，它的大小是4个字节，32位，高12位用来存放主设备号，低20位用来存放次设备号。
通过主设备号和次设备号合成设备号的宏如下：
MKDEV(major,minor);
从设备号中提取主设备号和次设备号的宏如下：
MAJOR（dev）；
MINOR（dev）；
接下来我们就来分析设备号注册过程：
一、自动分配设备号：
1. 调用内核提供的自动分配设备号函数，分配设备号
int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,const char *name)
2. alloc_chrdev_region函数中继续调用如下函数，进行进一步申请
struct char_device_struct *cd = __register_chrdev_region(0, baseminor, count, name);
/*在该函数中进行判断，如果major==0,执行if内的语句*/
if (major == 0) { //自动分配时major == 0
/*
*chrdevs是一个结构体指针数组，见附录1-1
*作用是从struct char_device_struct类型的结构体指针数组中找到一个空的结构体指针
*/
for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(chrdevs)-1; i > 0; i--) { // for(i=254;i>0;i--)
if (chrdevs[i] == NULL)
break;
}
if (i == 0) { //i == 0 ,说明，存放设备号的结构体指针数组已经用完
ret = -EBUSY;
goto out;
}
major = i; //否则，主设备号 = i
ret = major;
cd->major = major; // 将主设备号赋值给cd->major
cd->baseminor = baseminor; // 将起始次设备号赋值cd->baseminor
cd->minorct = minorct; // 将传入的第三个参数赋值给程cd->minorct,
// 表示申请设备号的个数
strlcpy(cd->name, name, sizeof(cd->name)); //设备名拷贝
/*
*struct char_device_struct *cd, **cp;
*cp存放的是结构体指针的地址，基于当前的条件，*cp == NULL ，所以for循环条件不成立
*/
--------------------------------------不执行-------------------------------------
for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
if ((*cp)->major > major ||((*cp)->major == major &&(((*cp)->baseminor >= baseminor) ||((*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct > baseminor))))
break;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/* **cp == NULL ，所以条件不成立*/
---------------------------------------不执行-----------------------------------------
if (*cp && (*cp)->major == major) {
int old_min = (*cp)->baseminor;
int old_max = (*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct - 1;
int new_min = baseminor;
int new_max = baseminor + minorct - 1;
/* New driver overlaps from the left. */
if (new_max >= old_min && new_max <= old_max) {
ret = -EBUSY;
goto out;
}
/* New driver overlaps from the right. */
if (new_min <= old_max && new_min >= old_min) {
ret = -EBUSY;
goto out;
}
}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cd->next = *cp; //cd ->next = NULL
*cp = cd; //*cp[chrdevs[i]] , cd 结构体在上面赋值的
mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
return cd;
回到alloc_chrdev_region函数的*dev = MKDEV(cd->major, cd->baseminor);
实际上就申请了一个主设备号，次设备号
二、用户指定设备号注册（eg：major = 250；count=3）
1. int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name);
2. 在该函数中进行如下操作：
dev_t to = from + count; // dev_t to = MKDEV(dev_major,dev_minor) +3;
dev_t n, next;
/*如果申请的设备编号范围跨越了主设备号，
*它会把分配范围内的编号按主设备号分割
*成较小的子范围，并在每个子范围上调用
*__register_chrdev_region() 。如果其中
*有一次分配失败的话，那会把之前成功分配的都全部退回*/
// for(n = MKDEV(dev_major,dev_minor); n<to;n=next)循环一次（next = to）
for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0); // next = MKDEV(250+1,0);
if (next > to) // if(MKDEV(251,0)>MKDEV(250,0)+3) [成立]
next = to; // next = MKDEV(250,0)+3
cd = __register_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n),next - n, name);
//__register_chrdev_region(250, 0,3, "xxx_demo");
{
cd->major = major; //cd->major = 250;
cd->baseminor = baseminor; //cd->baseminor = 0;
cd->minorct = minorct; //cd->minorct = 3;
strlcpy(cd->name, name, sizeof(cd->name));
i = major_to_index(major); //i = 250;
/*for (cp = &chrdevs[250]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)*/
for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
if((*cp)->major > major || ((*cp)->major == major &&(((*cp)->baseminor >= baseminor) ||((*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct > baseminor)))) //正常情况下不会成立，即次设备号范围不会重复
break;
/*判断次设备号范围是否重复，如果重复就错误返回*/
if (*cp && (*cp)->major == major) {
int old_min = (*cp)->baseminor;
int old_max = (*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct - 1;
int new_min = baseminor;
int new_max = baseminor + minorct - 1;
/* New driver overlaps from the left. */
if (new_max >= old_min && new_max <= old_max) {
ret = -EBUSY;
goto out;
}
/* New driver overlaps from the right. */
if (new_min <= old_max && new_min >= old_min) {
ret = -EBUSY;
goto out;
}
}
/*将设备号的结构体插入到散列表中*/
cd->next = *cp
*cp = cd;
}
附录1-1：
#define CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE 255
static struct char_device_struct {
struct char_device_struct *next;
unsigned int major;
unsigned int baseminor;
int minorct;
char name[64];
struct cdev *cdev; /* will die */
} *chrdevs[CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];
附录1-2
